Common
Japanese verbs all end in -u.
<verb>:=<verb-stem> <verb-inflection-suffix>;
<verb-inflection-suffix>:=-ru+tte {te-Form (do...)}-ku+ite {te-Form (do...)}-u+tte {te-Form (do...)}-gu+ide {te-Form (do...)}-bu+nde {te-Form (do...)}-mu+nde {te-Form (do...)}-ru+ro {Imperative}-u+e {Imperative}-ru+yoo {Probability}-u+oo {Probability} <adjective> daroo {Probability}-ru+reba {Conditional-1}-u+eba {Conditional-1}-i+kereba {Conditional-1}-ru+rareru {Potential}-u+eru {Potential}-ru+rareru {Passive}-u+areru {Passive}-ru+saseru {Causative}-ru+sasu {Causative}-u+aseru {Causative}-u+asu {Causative} kiru -> kite miru -> mite aru is (inanimated) iru is (animated) aku aite - to be[come] open; to open (intransitive); akete - to open (transitive)
Conjugations
(-iru|-eru) & not in forced Godan exceptions list: Ichidan verb: for these, just add ta or te as needed to the end.
otherwise: Godan verb.
For Godan verbs, depending on your conjugation and stem form, they are like this:
| Stem ending | -te form | -ta form | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| -su | -shite | -shita | |
| -ku | -ite | -ita | |
| -gu | -ide | -ida | |
| -bu | -nde | -nda | |
| -mu | -nde | -nda | |
| -nu | -nde | -nda | |
| -ru | -tte | -tta | |
| -tsu | -tte | -tta | |
| -u | -tte | -tta | -a conjugation (wanai) ends in -wa instead. |
Table of common verbs
| 日本語 | English | Example | Meaning in English |
|---|---|---|---|
| 食べる | to eat | ||
| meshiagari | to eat [hon.] | ||
| 話す | to speak | ||
| 歩く | to walk | ||
| 泳ぐ | to swim | ||
| 呼ぶ | to call | ||
| 飲む | to drink | ||
| 死ぬ | to die | ||
| 作る | to make | ||
| 待つ | to wait | ||
| 洗う | to wash | ||
| fuる | to fall (snow, rain) | ||
| むかえ ni iく | to go get something | ||
| むかえる | to go to meet somebody|to get something | ||
| すまseる | finish | ||
| とまる | sleepover | ||
| かりる | rent | ||
| うる | sell | ||
| とまる | stop | ||
| よる | to pass by [someone] | ||
| なおる | abheilen | ||
| はらう | to pay | ||
| はjiまる | to start | ||
| たのむ | to ask [please] | ||
| うまreる | to be born | ||
| yaめる | to quit | ||
| ひkkoす | to change residence | ||
| daす | to send | ||
| たzuneる | to visit | ||
| wakaru | to know | ||
| sasayaku | to whisper | ||
| nigeru | to escape | ||
| shimau | to close | ||
| ikiru | to live | ||
| kiru | to dress | ||
| nugu | to undress | ||
| noru | to enter | ||
| kaeru | to return | ||
| narabu | to be next to each other | ||
| nuru | to be painted [with] | ||
| akeru | to open | ||
| aku | to be opened | ||
| kogeru | to burn | ||
| kureru | to give [something to my circle] | ||
| ageru | to give | ||
| sumu | to inhabit | ||
| suru | to do | ||
| suwaru | to sit | ||
| tasu | to add | ||
| dasu | to get out|to take out | ||
| tazuneru | to ask | ||
| neru | hinlegen | ||
| tatsu | to stand up | ||
| tateru | to stand something up | ||
| tanomu | to request | ||
| taberu | to eat | ||
| chigau | to differ | ||
| tsukau | to [make] use | ||
| tsukareru | to tire | ||
| tsukuru | to build | ||
| tsuku | to breathe | ||
| tsukeru | to attach | ||
| tsuzukeru | |||
| tsutomeru | to be employed for | ||
| dekakeru | to depart | ||
| deru | to go out|to publish | ||
| dekiru | to be able to | ||
| to*ru | |||
| furi* | to fall [rain] | ||
| mitsukaru | to be found | ||
| ugokimasu | to start moving |