Common
Japanese verbs all end in -u.
<verb>:=<verb-stem> <verb-inflection-suffix>;
<verb-inflection-suffix>:=-ru+tte {te-Form (do...)}-ku+ite {te-Form (do...)}-u+tte {te-Form (do...)}-gu+ide {te-Form (do...)}-bu+nde {te-Form (do...)}-mu+nde {te-Form (do...)}-ru+ro {Imperative}-u+e {Imperative}-ru+yoo {Probability}-u+oo {Probability} <adjective> daroo {Probability}-ru+reba {Conditional-1}-u+eba {Conditional-1}-i+kereba {Conditional-1}-ru+rareru {Potential}-u+eru {Potential}-ru+rareru {Passive}-u+areru {Passive}-ru+saseru {Causative}-ru+sasu {Causative}-u+aseru {Causative}-u+asu {Causative} kiru -> kite miru -> mite aru is (inanimated) iru is (animated) aku aite - to be[come] open; to open (intransitive); akete - to open (transitive)
Conjugations
(-iru|-eru) & not in forced Godan exceptions list: Ichidan verb: for these, just add ta or te as needed to the end.
otherwise: Godan verb.
For Godan verbs, depending on your conjugation and stem form, they are like this:
Stem ending | -te form | -ta form | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
-su | -shite | -shita | |
-ku | -ite | -ita | |
-gu | -ide | -ida | |
-bu | -nde | -nda | |
-mu | -nde | -nda | |
-nu | -nde | -nda | |
-ru | -tte | -tta | |
-tsu | -tte | -tta | |
-u | -tte | -tta | -a conjugation (wanai) ends in -wa instead. |
Table of common verbs
日本語 | English | Example | Meaning in English |
---|---|---|---|
食べる | to eat | ||
meshiagari | to eat [hon.] | ||
話す | to speak | ||
歩く | to walk | ||
泳ぐ | to swim | ||
呼ぶ | to call | ||
飲む | to drink | ||
死ぬ | to die | ||
作る | to make | ||
待つ | to wait | ||
洗う | to wash | ||
fuる | to fall (snow, rain) | ||
むかえ ni iく | to go get something | ||
むかえる | to go to meet somebody|to get something | ||
すまseる | finish | ||
とまる | sleepover | ||
かりる | rent | ||
うる | sell | ||
とまる | stop | ||
よる | to pass by [someone] | ||
なおる | abheilen | ||
はらう | to pay | ||
はjiまる | to start | ||
たのむ | to ask [please] | ||
うまreる | to be born | ||
yaめる | to quit | ||
ひkkoす | to change residence | ||
daす | to send | ||
たzuneる | to visit | ||
wakaru | to know | ||
sasayaku | to whisper | ||
nigeru | to escape | ||
shimau | to close | ||
ikiru | to live | ||
kiru | to dress | ||
nugu | to undress | ||
noru | to enter | ||
kaeru | to return | ||
narabu | to be next to each other | ||
nuru | to be painted [with] | ||
akeru | to open | ||
aku | to be opened | ||
kogeru | to burn | ||
kureru | to give [something to my circle] | ||
ageru | to give | ||
sumu | to inhabit | ||
suru | to do | ||
suwaru | to sit | ||
tasu | to add | ||
dasu | to get out|to take out | ||
tazuneru | to ask | ||
neru | hinlegen | ||
tatsu | to stand up | ||
tateru | to stand something up | ||
tanomu | to request | ||
taberu | to eat | ||
chigau | to differ | ||
tsukau | to [make] use | ||
tsukareru | to tire | ||
tsukuru | to build | ||
tsuku | to breathe | ||
tsukeru | to attach | ||
tsuzukeru | |||
tsutomeru | to be employed for | ||
dekakeru | to depart | ||
deru | to go out|to publish | ||
dekiru | to be able to | ||
to*ru | |||
furi* | to fall [rain] | ||
mitsukaru | to be found | ||
ugokimasu | to start moving |